March 1, 1981 · TAP
TAP No. 66 - Fortress Fun-Ding

A dense, patent-style technical article dissecting the electronics inside newer ‘Fortress’-style coin telephones, describing the electronic coin-value signaling tones that replaced older mechanical gongs, the line-powered oscillator and driver transistor circuitry that generates them, and the Variable Initial Rate (VIR) totalizing circuit that tracks deposited coin value against the switching office’s required rate. Framed as reference material for phreaks studying how modern payphones detect and validate deposits, likely reproduced from an industry engineering publication.
FORTRESS FUN-DING
a value pulses
jntetal Rate (VIR)
‘tha col
javeloped for nev
-stagle-sict coin teleghones,
elintoates the bulky
mechanical gongs. sahing room for # nev fraud resist
fant cofn chute.
Ie fuproves
che quality
stguelling as heard by the operator by provi
Tens An lave) wt
‘in Lina
length between the telephone
and the evicching office. Stgualling security 18
stgualling etreutt,
deny service to all but (rea calls unless the tolttal
rate ip depoested.
the telephons wales circuit. Thun, Amporcant design
objectives for the nav cote etreult vare to operate on
the pover available
from the telephone Line and to be
heee Linear
amplif=
fabricated oo wo
¢ CNS technology.
elreutt
and
ated ctreuits osiog
ede
re provided
power
eens such as
Eransient and polarity protection.
sovesr:
Dis
wuiteh contact applies central office battery
de to matneata
cirentt, corrects
Line voltage polarity, and protects
the circutt ageint
tranatenta onthe
‘Ao external reset clrcutt prom
supply vitch disables the efrcoit during operations
Cote
‘emergency calliog capability, to activate an
qviteh. The intttal rate may be varted
from 5¢ to 40c
th Se ineremente.
‘To improva the Line
balance ground taolatton 1
provided. This cireutt senses the presence of 100}
Current aod opens tha ground path during the ealhi
ported.
‘2708 TUNE
osctLtaToR
The gateabte ONS sine vave oscillator used to
the cota atynalling etreate utilizes three QOS taver~
tora (A1.Az,Aj in Fig. 3) in the foltoving
vay-
connecting the input and
provides stabilization of the output resistance of 42
to control frequency drift. Lindting diodes Dy,02 and
thermistor By; stabilize the oscillator output voltage
with regard te temperature and supply voltage
gating 2 constant
fant riee tine
for the output tone &
‘To have
tummed the osesilator on and off vould have required &
to achleve
Ya 9 Cue ta Ou
See tee Roane Batty Ora
, ai
~
eww”
TAP
Room 603
147 W, 42 St.
New York 10036
MAR-APR 1981
ensured ot
ferent temp
ves ond Line lensthes
gorcusi
ot
Tha concept of the
nev coin atgna!
cocalixtng efreuit favelves the use
Cachnology vith a capability for iaplenenting tinear
an veld
a1 functions,
2 tolerance for a wide
tx and the pover supply.
having those
the speech netvork, and vithout golag £0
‘expense of « local ‘pover
supply.
panded totalizing and
Schleved with technology
LETTERS FROM READERS
On Long Island if you dial 958 you get a
uter with a voice which announces the
er from which you are calling. I have
been told that 1f there is a tap on the line
the voice doesn't say anything so it's one
way of checking a line for a tap-- I don't
know if this is a fact and, if so, it is
because of some condition on the line which
prevents the computer from uttering anything
or 1f the phone co programs the corputer
not to respond to 958 calls which come from
numbers they have taps on-- or what happens
4f it isn't a MA Bell approved tap. I also
don't know if 958 produces any response
from fenes outside of my oun a
but
in Long Island {t does produce a response.
I've been to people's homes where they have
an unlisted phone and have thoughtfully
removed the number from the phone so their
casual guests can't get it-- ol’ 958 has
come through every time!
Free magazines? Easy! Next time you ao to
a doctor or dentist's office, sort through
the mags in his waiting room. See any you
like?
Pull off the address sticker on the
front cover, attach it to the change of
address coupon in the magazine, and send it
back to the publisher. In a few weeks you'll
be getting the magazine (hopefully at your
P.O. box). Sometimes it takes the better
part of the year before Doc realizes what
happened and then yets {t straightened out!
Good luck!
Super Grinch
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APU,
A6iouy SPUDO HNWID poyud uNy-ous Bujnpold
Mick's Easy Guide to CCITT Signalling Systeas
v,zhe CCITT has set standards for signalling
ms in use throughout
the worl
Bite Provisions fer guy beloved AF tones so don't
Mperinenting with —
“this ingori
certt ‘using
The 500 RS
one-way iii
Mozambique
GoItT 92.2 propoged internetionsl cysten. thet
didn't catch on. It u:
G00/750 hs
in a single
frequency gagnailing svsten.. Seen to o
5
Gause it's used in South Arica, New Zealand,
jd Austrailia.
corrT #3.
one of the Pans
ine!
It ugas 250 hz for
bot!
Nearly
all torainol
with
systea, Motice’the Feanch ingiu
gs system is
France, austz:
Poland, Thailand, ond Hungs:
ais
zupted at 20 hz to s
eg register signals. Stilt u
stems.
he
us!
cerrr ou
another earl
2040 ang 2900
Hine ha Zapsater sia
y ingband
ay:
this one using
ox end-to-end
transmission of
ls. Widely used Zor
Anternstionol tras#ic in Europe and suitable for
both tern- inal and transit traffic. Said t
biou cetcup Sor cateliite iinks and cannet be used
FR
on TASI~equippad
systens. Used in Italy,
Azgentina, Kenya,
Syria, and Uganda.
cerr: Te
Sis ie our favorite i
2900 and’
2¢00° Yor links:
dine signals and a
2-976
code, for, the
tranomigsion of registe:
he 2704-6 code
gees 6 drequoneiog’ (700;9005 1100; 1209. 1500,6, 1700)
in. schema
that I'm sure ail of you are faniliar
with. Used fox TAST-equip;
suitable for both teznina.
This is the current world stand:
avery other system can interact
ccrrT_95 bis.
This is ‘very similar te ¢5 except a gaurd and
FASI-locking frequency of 1850 hn io used for
transmission of five
signals.
ccrtr,
and system. It uses
Link trengrissien of
2 gables and
it traffic.
nad nearly
h this one.
ped, gubs
This seens to be the wave of the future. I'm
sure
you have recd about it so x won't try to
quplain. this is an outrof-pand signalling systen
th:
trietly
tal. The connection
is nade
t
di
and the billing is started before you, got control
of the Ling, exe Jics the grast challenge of the
80's.
Gat the datails in Vol VI.2 of the Orange
corr Rt
Rey
LS:
thi
43 ig
Ragiona
is
novonant and youvean easiiy
the sinijaritios
between this system and CCITT 35. In fact about,
the only difzcrence is that R1 does not have 2400
A gignolline end cannot be used with
Squipped Syetens.
this FEstenant, indicctes, a
Hy
ible
Connection setwcon 000 he and Taste what
joes 2400 hz do
anywa:
I can't find any reference
to it in my litezatur
CCITT R2.
Naturally enough.thig
ic Regional Systen 2.
land 85 becauge it uses a
tex signals. Houever this
dent forward and backward
3825
or trapgnission
ATET heads wi
familiar 2600
92 course S825 2 Gutcosoband socthis is net oad:
fo feat, The Z:aquencies cre ag gollous:
“foruasd-
3389.
1800, 1629, 1780. 1860. £ 198¢.
backuar
1140, 1020. 900.780, 660
suo
Notice that tha spa ng
Retueen frequencie:
120 ha hile the spacing betueen frequencie:
Ccxrtr o5 is
This system seens to
be
coupatabla with &
iiitary AUTOVON sya
n
I
“on the
have uritton a se:
te article speculatin:
AUTOVON signalling system
which I'm submitting at
the some tine.
Mick Haglinger
900
1100
1300
1500
1700
700
goo
1100 «:
1300
1500
"The six frequencies provide 15 possible 2-freque
Goabinations fan combinatgons
used for the
digrts’g
to/§ incaveiye and enc
euch for signals
aint faging the beg: treet
Pp) ani
nd (st) of
diging.
the veuntning ehzes combinations ore us
ox special signals.
from ‘Notes on Distance Dialing’ (sec 5 p
ers to in fhe aR system’R1, which is shown as
1
tede in the above chart. the 3 extra
b
mgoare
ii, 12, and 2. Z suspect this unknown code
OE
ze shoun on
zight-hand side. I
fe
Ss that 1300-1700 is code BV in light of the above’
te.
SPECIAL SIGNAL SUBSETS
scxTT
¢5
s
Ti
= inward operator
Xs
12. = delay operator
cy
Eb 2 Efdnett ontt
Fy
5
8
-
transi’
3)
= qxtza signal (probably BV?
« Coin Control Signals (details in TAP 954 )
Tae
CC - coin collect
CR - coun return
£3 - ring back
. TSPS (Traffic Sexvice Position Systen)
iE As _necessery vo/adontagy the trunk type in TSPS.
1.4 digits (coin station?
G's digite (coin station)
Sizp - 1+ digits (none
Sip > 0 3 GHgiEE (Ronesan)
E OF FREQUENCIES IX SELECTED SIGNALLING SYSTEMS
RAVES,
Re-gud
an
\
feat
“Lhave an idea for our age
QUENCY
lax} |
hey
computerization,
If
soot)
|)
(INZA
!
ne or
fo lt
|
*
yo it
ot
|
tat
|
300
t
,oretyd
1920
I
|
Pay
1100
fx
1
ia
1140
{
etxl
1260
'
{x
Weiei total te
tas
|
|
fet
orto
sr
er
70 tet
I
!
He
|"
ot
dal ts
Hef dt deal
|
1
E
2300
|
Pepe
i
Ha
eee
|
| “tual
|
t
|
2700
|
«
!
"Your Access Code Tom, input Your
zaz0
Inzal
1
|
.
7
e300
|
\ aaa
} 1
Access Codelt
‘Frequoncias in 120 hz incremonts from 540 ha,
and in
hz increments #2on 500 hz
Frequaicies mazked N/A £it in sequance but
have no knoun us
Since the norml DC coin control signals cannot be used on
exchanges, Bell has come up with two other methods of
coin control. The first of these is known as MULTIPLE WINK COIN
|» Take special note of the OPERATOR ATZACHED and OPERATOR
RELEASED signals, (Kilgore Trout in TAP#37 asked about this)
OPERATOR ATTACHED
ds used to disable the keyset
TOR RELEASED
signal 4s used
1
HE a
&
?
second method ds imown as INBAHD COIN CONTROL (ICC).
fers to the andible tones used for contre]. We know thest
i
zeae
|
E
E
3
i
é
i
nu
:
!
k
sare as the OPERATOR RELEASED signal motioned
should start sbout 60 ms after the wink ends,
Should Last 900 us. The wink, from start to finish,
application of his informtion would be to design a
dal mite that gives tho calling party their coins back.
Tt my also bo possible to OPERATOR ATTACH a pay station and
Frevont the operator
fron regaining control.
if
wey
its
i
E
i
[
f
3
z
‘TABLE I.
# WINKS
FUNCTION
EAVEPORM
‘Touzs
ney
operator released __fielL__
2
oparator attached fro L2H
ea
02
e0dn coldect
700 * 1200
&
coin return
1100 + 1700
3325
ring back
700 + 1700
MORE on AUTOVON
I really enjoyed Ted Vail's discussion of AUTOVON (TAP 60)
and it started the old synapses firing
. I think the ansuer
has been right in front of us oll the time. Let's ctart with
Some basic fact. about AUTOVON ond MaBELL.
1) AUTOVON uses BELL's long distance lines
2) It follows
that AUTOVON signaling must be compatable.
3) ALL CCITT analog sagnalang systems used in Amezico are
ree ere eeedes wath, © evendy spaced frequencies
a2 ab
4) The military dousn't have the ability to create their
syst
It looks like the ‘USAF ‘412L' matrix is just 14
fouch Tone matrix. These are both 2-of-8
codes and as far as I
know they can only used to transmit digits te the central
gfzice. Lets compare the tuo matrices sade by side. Note that
the DELL ‘frequencies
are metricaly spaced while the AUTOVON
frequencies are evenly spaced.
jell Touch Tone
AUTOVON Touch Tone
AUTOVON doesn*t use * and #, and the A.B.C,D has been
replaced with FO.F.1,P. These letters
designate which priority
Glass you request Zor your call.
FO is FLASH OVERIDE. F is
FLASH, I ag IMMEDIATE,
and P as
PRIORITY. P is the low
priority class and FO’is the highest class available.
to usc at.
we
ee
The, [Peioxity request! is first handled
to see if the desired class 1s available. 1
Eioraty ta
e
bumped off and the higher
:
i
zed the eal
gutgoing dine is capture
*HFY tones and proc
- One of the digits in this 12-digit
number as the IDENT:
ach Bell uses to dis—
Einguich pay phones
h
Phones, and hotel phones.
I believe
AUTOVON uses this digit to carry priority information to the
called party.
The article raised some
tions in my mind so I refered to
py rederences and found some
interesting data in the CCITT
‘Ogange Book. AUTOVON hos aany points of aimilarity with BELL
gnaling system RZ.
R2 uses 2 sets of 6
Zrequencies (tuo
2-of-6 codes) for independent forward and backward signaling.
These frequencies are listed below and the readaz cen construct
a matrix dor study 12 desized.
1380, 1500, 1620. 1740, 1860, and 1980.
1146, 1020, 900, 780,°660,
and 540.
Some of these frequencies (1020, 1140, 1380, 1620,
1960) axe used an the AUTOVON Touch Tone. One othe:
uged in the AUTOVOM TT, ond it should come as
no *™vpr
1260
is this frequency, Notice that all R2 frequencic
Beeeteneiea’ *alzo
note that the AUTON frequencies are
e
that
the
iy $00-1500 ha and 1500-2100 ha.
Refer to the tabte
at the end
of
this articl
This brings up
the possibility that AUTOVON is only a
special case of R2, If this is true then we have probless
2 does not use in-band line controls.
R2 uses
‘og—hand control for line
signals and az a TASI-locking
frequency.
Of course we Know the military and they.
with this systen by
themselves. It's pogsibl
Zor touch tone ond
the frequencics were
‘3
Don't try
eal,
on the
Ling end
£
not @ caller i
Forward:
Backwoxdt
1740 and
fzequency is
se that
couldn't come up
@-that tha si2L
system 25 only use ry
Cnosenia
-gecus lskely because
the Army TA34) syatem seens to fit
Riva5 system quite
well. It also 5
compatable
texnationnl signoling systems where AF 412L is not.
dru
out the BELL antrin and the Army TA34)
matrix for
comparison. Taka the BELL matrix and add 1200
ha to every
dxequency.
900 1100 1300 1500 1700
|_2100 2300 2500 2700 2900
UP
Up Pn Tae
Pt
nn
rs)
2300 |
2
6
2
Oo
KP
2500 |
5
2
st
2700 |
?
AUTOVON MF tones
Boll MF tones
I say more? The only thing missing is the oxder of
te 0in the AUTOVON system, Z guspoct they will be the sanc
Both matrices represent @ 2-of-6 code. Since Beli long
lines
ore ugsad in the AUTOVON systen,
if
as
easonable that AUTOVON would use
a compatable signaling sy:
tis possible that AUTOVON HF
toncs
are converted
to
NF tones before heing plnced on the
long
distance netuork.
22
ial equipment to
Surely so!
sten.
ELL
other possibility 2s that
as spe
ubtract' 1200 hz from each
signalling tone.
Zind out and let me know.
one can
Write ne in care of TAP
Mick Haflinger
devedopen
the tieent Seam
the alp code.
| ay soe te enon
“How did you solve the last problema?”
‘That was the most diffleuit,”
be sald.
“TH6 post office
has been
Locksmiths pick away at Caan’s ‘Thief’
of thew property and possessions, andereatea
Ina
interview,
direc:
.
-
fecing of secey dog anger songs thee tor Michael tam
cans
$6,000
flim-tlam:
HOLLYOOD — James Coan's oest
victims against whom such information
= it does show
fo pick
\DINGTON TOWNSHIP
movie. “Thief snot due oat uotil February, be ased,” Kenseth R, Lasser Sr, chalrman'
safe.
Authorities
have arrested four persons io
Dut atready ot has gotten lis first review.
the Professional Locksmiths “Coordinat
“But
eriminaligh
the connection
with a fraudulent withdrawal
The Frofessiooal Locksmiths Coordieat- — Gouneil of California, wrote the producers
a
‘scheme that temporarily petted $6.908
ing Council of California and assorted safe the fim ina letter dated June 30
letter
is inaccurate. You
bow to
sebeme
that ten
rmanefacterers 60 not lite the movie, Too
nla safe afer seeing
‘rue
Citizen National Bash police Detes-
xt
.
eee
also bave to have 15 years of experience to pet ‘tive Dan Smith said yesterday.
‘This ume the [seoes are not sex, violence
“We do not betieve that the general pub- he methods shown into operation.”
‘or four-letter words but graphic depiction af lie has the need to know how to érill
open 3
‘Mann and Caan do not have that hind of S€count would be opened for $34, Senith
a
‘safe or olberwise gain entry into
probibited experience,
20 they hired someone who did, , $14. The next day, about £7,000 would be
“We bebeve the information
this movie areas.n which an wnividual,
human or
‘The technical adviser on the fitm, Moan said,” Geposited with a phony check, and then
co
ta the criminal elemeat would ale, secures his possesioan”
tad worked asa burglar for more than.a dee. S0me00e
wool! retarn 26 hours later to
be esed by them to deprive the general pblie _contineed,
*
ade,
+ withdraw
64,000, Sith aid.
WASHINGTON
— Whilé many people
ave
about
eae
Readers with scanners might wish to tune their
attention to the following frequencies which
are used by Ma Bell's maintenance crew:
Primarily used in rurat and suburban areas-
Base & Mobiles:
35.16 151.985 MHz
Mobiles only: 43.16 158.34 HHz
Primarily used in metropolitan areas:
451.30 451.325 451.35 451.40 451.45 451.50
In some heavily populated areas the following
frequencies
secondarily be used when all
other frequencies are assigned:
.
451.175 451.225 451.275 451.375 451.425
451.475 451.525 451.575 451.625 451.675
462.475 462.525
Additionally, the following frequencies are
available in selected metro areas as noted:
Boston MA 471.3125 to 471.3875 MHz .
Los Angetes CA 473.3125 471.4125 507.3125
507.4125 MHz
New York NY 472.9625 472.9875 478.9625
478.9875 Miz
Mobile telephone operators, are most often found
operating, on: 152,51 152,54 152.57 152.60
152,63 152,66 152,69 152,72 152,75 152,78--
there are also other frequencies used between
454,375 and 454.65. Not all fi
ies used
in all areas. Ship-to-shore phone calls most
often heard
ont 161.80 161,85 161,90
161.95
162,00 161,825 161,875 161.925 161,975. A
listing of mobile operator & ship-to-shore
frequencies used at spectfic locations is
led TELE-COMM and is available for $3.95,
Ped. from CRB Research. Box 56, Commack NY
Postal breakthroughs
Is very proud
of It.
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