October 1, 1982 · TAP
TAP No. 78 - Free Pay TV "Legally!"

‘The Magician’ surveys how premium pay-TV services (HBO, Showtime, Cinemax, and similar) distribute programming via geosynchronous satellite to cable headends and to over-the-air subscription broadcasters, and contrasts building illegal decoder boxes for cable or MDS signals against three technically ’legal’ ways of receiving programming for free: home satellite dish reception, over-the-air MDS downconversion, and multipoint distribution systems. Covers the basic engineering of home satellite dishes (dish size, low-noise amplifiers, signal-to-noise tradeoffs) and points to contemporary hobbyist publications like ‘Microwave News’ and ‘Coop’s Satellite Digest’ for further technical detail.
FREE PAY TV "LEGALLY"
BY: THE MAGICIAN
There are presentiy many cumpanies vhicu
provide uncut, aisost tirst run movies,
major
sporting events, and assorted specials on a pay TV
subscriber vasiS. Some of the Largest are Home box
Otfice, Snowtiae, Cinemax etc. subscribers pay
aontaiy fee either to the Cable company which they
are hooked into, or to the proadcaster niaselt
when no cabie is available (I1£- Chanel 68 in NYO)
Pay TV over a Cable Can usuaily be eaSisy
decoded usiny 4 noae puiit pox. This practice is
allegai, (Taouyh hard to trace
!), and you coula
in theory yo to jaa for theft ot services.
There are however, turee “legal™
ways w get
pay TV at no charge. They are:
1.) Satellite 1v
2.) On the air UNF decoding (4£. Chnl 08)
3.) Aultipoint bastributaon Systews (DS)
Lets first talk about setealite 1¥. 150,
Showtime etc. cach have a central location in the
U.S. where aii of their shows originate. In oraer
to get tue snows to
tne aany cable companies
throughout the worid, they beam the signal up to a
satellite in syacnronous orbit around the earth at
approx. 42,300 wiles above the equator. these
satellites, the aost popular being the SAvCOMS and
Aliks (soth having multiple sateilites in orbit)
then
peas
back
the
programming
in
an
omnidirectional pattern toward earth on approx.
4GHz, allowing cabie companies usany larye dish
earth stations to receive thes.
It is possible for anyone at howe tu also
receive these proyrass via 4 howe earth station.
Because the sateslites transponders are relatively
dow power, a great deal of aapliiication is necaed
for the received signal.
Due to present day technoloyy limits on the
signal to noise ratio of trausistors used in the
low noise ampiitier
(LNA) at earth stations, 4
@iniaum of approx. 10 teet in diaweter receiving
dish is necessary. The cost oi
the dish, plus
associated eiectronics puts the cost of your ova
earth station at several thousana dollars, even it
you buiid it yourseli.
You will yet a perfect picture,
in areas were TV reception is uot good, or uot
available this wigat pe just wnat you need. Iu
suburban areas however, you could pay tor an awiul
lot of legit cable IV fees for that money, and not
have to worry about your dish antenna blowing over
in a stora. Also, HBO has announced that soon they
are going to Start
encoding their satellite
transmissions aeaning you will ouly see garbaye on
and for those
the screen when receiving it.
(Though I am sure
someone will
come out with a
decoder soon
thereafter)
There are
whether reception of pay
or other aethods presented in
within the law.
Section 605 ot the Federal Comaunications Act
o% 1934 forbids the “unauthorizeu interception or
use of radio sigaais" However it also speciticaily
excludes “#adio coaaunication wiich is broadcast
or transmitted by amateurs or OTHEKS for use of
the general public.
Since pay £V is broadcast
public, reception of the signals
totally legal.
Cable operators
and pay
1
operators sorely disagree witn this.
They contend
that the signals are part oi their internal
network not weant for
the public, and thus
reception is itiegai.
So tar, the public seeas to be winniuy the
arguaent. Uniess you start selling tickets to see
the movies . you are intercepting (Wnich vould be
blatantly iliegal) no one will probably bother
you.
soae strong legal questions as to
gV via hoae earth station
this article are
tor viewany by the
appears to be
Another
Sleyaily* is
aethod of getting pay TV for tree
through the use of on the air
decoders for UHF channels whicn broadcast pay 1V
scraabied for supscribers with rented special
decoders attachea to their sets. Last year Hadio
Electronics wayazine published a complete article
on how to build one for yourselr ! There are only
several stations waich provide this service in the
country, theretore the decoder boxes will not work
in aany areas.
z
=
TAP
Room 603
147 W. 42 St.
New York 10036
OCTOBER 1982
No. 78
veLhaps tue best and cheapest
vay IV is tarouyn tue use o£
by AuLtipoint vastrivution
areas there are several
cover the entire regsou.
eapeusive
for
to buy thear own satuisite
earta stataous in uruer
ty piovade custowers with
pay TV. Instead, sowone (fhe must pupural veany
Microbaad Assuciates) sets up an earth station
then retransaits tue pay Vo sajna ob 2.1 Guz
@icrowave. Tae sijnai is usuaiiy owmi darectivaas
and is receives at the 4vcai cuble Coupany with
special wicrodave receavers aid then seut out Lo
customers.
An ADS dowuconvertec «nich will receive
Signais and convert them to chaunel 2 or 3 on
nume TV can be built tur approx.
Su to
doliars,
ox wought Cowpiete
101
approa.
duiiars,
Articles describing now
Lo ould
down converters
magazine as
4uie
excellent book on
aay to yeu tree
ayauis
trausmattea
(305). ia
sudli Cabse uetworAs.
at
be
guate
systeas
any
to
woula
these
your
75
wu
Mos
wave appearec
2
Naw
as other
publications. an
the subject waich yives
coapicre
schesatacs is “Microwaves &
sauuit, A hanubuok Lor
Videu pirates, Sijuai snatciwis aud hugat Jaupers™
By Toa Howesl ana puvlished by surry Pubiicativas,
it 4s aVailavle in book stores.
ihere are tau basic types
ot antennas used
for AVS dowuconverters. Au appiox. 3
toot uish,
ora 3 foot spiral. sutn work weil,
but the uish
as better.
Since the iocatious of 49S transmitters ate
fut Weal known, Loiiowing this
gtticle as
a 4act
ot all presentiy dicensed v5 stutious in the Jed.
it you live watuaa 25-30 wiles
of any of these
aTeas, abd have
no a jor ubetructions in the way
(like @ big wountain
=!)
you xuvula be able Ww
receive AS ana have @ pertect picture.
#le-pulit, ais set to yo ads receivers cau be
tound at aauy erectrouics Stores in wajor Citys.
Ii you can*t iaud one, just pu; an assue ot co
aayazine (4 haa radio wag.) and jou will see loaas
ot coapanies taat wits sell thea to you mail
order.
Happy viewing, and is jou nave any questions
coments etc.
send thea to ae at FAP C/O THE
MAGICLAN
LOCATON AND CALL SdoN> OF 399 TRANSBITTERS
ALBANY, NY
— KPK28
En XUKK, KY
— #UUTY
ANAHEIM, CA
- KPL/9
NUAPULK, VA
= WSL39
ANCHUAAGE, AK ~ K¥U05
UK. ClTY, OX
= #JLS9
ATLANTA, GA
~ auras
OSavk BEACH, MU ~ KUbGS
BALTISORE, 4b - weFYO
PHOENIX, AZ
= PRAT
BUSTOS, Bh
— WSL33
PHILAVELYHIA, eA~ WeE97
DURLINGTON
ia - WKitoz
PLITSLUKGH, Pa - WeEKS
Calcaco, 1b
- nOFu9
POAPANO SEACH, FL~ Krucd
CLEVELAND, Of — «Q66
exuvivencs, Kl — KNVOS
DLAVER, CO
= WPYS2
sLCHAUND, VA
— wyosy
betaoll, M1
— wJazz
SACRABENTO, CA — WSLUB
HONOLULG, HI - KPAGS
ST. LUDIS, MO
- «Quod
HOUSTON, TX
- OPTS
SALULAKE, UE
— KEW74
IMDIAMAPOL, LN- WPX33
SAN AWfONIO, TL ~ WJABO
JACKSONVIL, FL~ «0U033
SAN FRANCASC, CA- KEFAT
KALABAZUO, AL — #KS29
SbaTILe, WA
- KrLe1
LaS VEGAS, AV ~ WKi05
S@diNGFLSLD, AA — KEW79
LOSANGELES, CA- KP¥79
TAMPA, FL
~ words
LOULSVILLE, KY- KOau6
TUCSON, Az
~ WLOTe
AIAMI, PL
= 41979
URBANA, IL
|
— KWo
MILWAUKEE, WI ~ wKRZ7
W. PALM BEACH, PL~ «Prss
MINNEAPOLIS, AN~ WPL99
WASHIMGTON, DE - WOI93
NEWORLEANS, LA~ WKiu26
The UNIX Security Problem
by
Fred Steinbeck
In the May-June issue of TAP, number 75, Simon
Jester writes about a new method of breaking into
computers, a method which was developed on the UNIX
system by a group of students at U.C. Berkeley.
After a little thought, and some talking with other
UNIX hackers (I, too, am one), we managed to find
out what the method was. Simon is right - it should
work on just about any system, and it probably does
have security experts shitting in their pants.
The idea revolves around a nasty premise ~ the one
that most intelligent terminals have a “transmit
line" or "transmit page" control character or
escape sequence. Now, the trick to this idea is
very simple. Write what ever command(s) you want
executed onto the other person's terminal, after
sending his "clear screen" control character to his
terminal. Then send the command to tell his
terminal to send those commands to the computer. So
it looks to the computer like he just typed those
commands.
It seems, then, that all this is good for is for
issuing commands from other people's terminals. But
if the person whose terminal you're having do the
issuing is the (gasp!) super-user (the system
operator - “super user" is a UNIX term), one could
access the password file. So, if the following
commands were sent to the SU's (super-user's)
terminal, the password for root.(another name for
the SU) would be set to nothing:
<DEL> (the DEL character code, to break
him out of whatever he's doing)
ex /etc/passwd
(edit the password
file...)
L
(goto line #1, the entry for root)
a
(delete the line)
4
(insert - add a new line
blahblah...
(tells "ex" that you're done with
the text you're adding)
wa
(write and quit)
logout
(log root off the system)
In the lines above, "root::blahblah.
should
be the first line of the /etc/passwd file
(accessible by typing "cat /etc/passwa" and
following it with return), without the encrypted
password, which is between the first to colons
("rr"). The commands above such as "i", "a", and
“wq" are U.C. Berkeley editor commands, for the
editor known as "ex".
Anyway, the "logout" command logs the super-user
out, and then you should log out and try to log in
with the account "root". If all has gone well, the
system will not ask for a password - you will be
logged in as root. Be sure to then use the "passwd"
Program to change the password to something other
than nothing.
I see I have forgotten how to get stuff onto root's
terminal. Well, there are a number of ways to do
this. One is to use the "write" command. Simply say
“write root" and then hit return. The problem with
this is that it prints "message from so-and-so on
<terminal name>..." so root will know who did it.
The methods below all require you to know the name
of root's terminal. To get this information, give
the "who" command and hit return, It will print out
the users on the system, and their terminal names.
So, if it printed "dialupO" next to root's name,
the name of the terminal below would be “dialup0".
Another method is to use the "Mail" program to mail
into root's terminal. The form would be
Mail /dev/<root's terminal>
<the control characters and commands you
want to send to the terminal>
Control-D
This, too, will print "From so-and-so" on root's
screen. Not too good, but it will get the job done.
The final way is to create a file with a text
editor that has the necessary control characters
and commands in it. For sake of argument, let's say
the file name that has all this is "test". Once you
have this info in the file, type:
cat test | /dev/<root's terminal>
This will accomplish what we want, without leaving
your name on root's screen, but will not work if
root has set it so that he can't receive messages
from other terminals. If this is the case, one must
use the "Mail" method as outlined above.
There are other UNIX tricks I will write about in
the future...
If you have any questions or
comments, please write to me c/o TAP.
Alerme (III)
Continuing on the subject of silent alarms
we come to secondary phone transmission. This
is the use
of a device known as an automatic
fone dialer, At the triceering of the alarn
the fone dialer is put on the line and a prepro~
eraned number is dialed, such as the cops, friends
etc. As soon as the destinstion number is picked
up & prerecorded voice bystericaly screams " Help,
my house is being ripped off." and also states
the persorfs name and address. ( Actualy it should
do this every time you pay taxes. )
To defeat this system just cut the fone line.
Placing incoming calls and lifting extension fones
will not always work because some units are equippal
with a line sezieure system that placer the call
no matter what you do,
‘There is also a radio transmiesion system
that sends a digital simal to a central office
via a small transmitter. These are very difficult
to defeat and you would not encounter one unless
you plan on robbing a major dianond exchanre.
Wow that I have covered all the parte of a
system you nust wonder ™ How the fuck does it
all work together?"
Here's how. Every system
has a central box. This box is the brain of
the alarm.
It monitors, activates and coordinates
all of the componente.
‘In a typical box there
are one or two terminal strips. This is the place
to disable the alarm. ( Be careful what you touch
because sone of these strips carry 120 V house
current )
Kost of the strips are labled. To
disconect the alarn you can A.) disconect the
vattery backup and then disconnect the power
(never on a direct fone
transmission eystemt )
a disconnect all the simaling devices or
C.)
short all the closed circut sensors and out
all_the oven circut sensors.
In general if you must attack an alarm system
first figure all the ways to defeat it. To do
this you need information on the systen. Vieiting
the building, buying alarm company catalog:
writing the company on a bogus letter head recuesting
info on that alarm system and being friends with
@ company worker are all good ways to ret information.
‘The "in" thing now is the portable hone alarm.
It is a cheap ultrasonic sensor attached to a
built in horn. Any shlock store sells then.
‘They co by all sorts of names such as The Duc,
The Protector, Big Brother etc. but they are all
the same thing. An unusualy novel way to dispose
of these things is to ret a silenced pistol and
upon entering blow the thing apart before it
emits that squeal that might even be danaring
to your ears ( that's why you silenced your pistol
right? ). Or just walk up to the thing and smash
it with a sledge hanmer.
Anew device
called Burglar Mist emits a
cloud of tear gas upon entry. They are activated
vy atrip wire, If you get caucht by one of these
just wait @ few minuets for the gas to clear
( you did disconect the alarm didn't you?! ).
If you run into an unused unit do relocate it
in @ more useful place such as the owners bedroom,
‘This concludes this series of articles, good luck!
‘The Stainless Steal Rat
CN/a
JUDAS GERARD
CN/A 15 the acronym for Customer Name/Adaress:
nese bureaus exist so tnmat autnorized
Bell
emPiovees may optain the name ano/or aadress of a
customer anywnere in the Bell System simply Dy
Giving
the orerator the customer's telernone
number,
ALi numbers; ainciudina businesses ano
non-publisnea numbers; are maintainea on file,
Here is tne way an employee micnt Go about usinG
CN/A once ne nas looked ur tne CN/A number for the
area coae of tne tarcet number?
“His this as Jim witn tne Residence Service Center
in Fasacena,
i've Got a customer on nold wno
claims not to have mace a ratner lenctnly cali to
(212) 555-1212) so I neeo the customer's name on
tnat piease. Tnat was (212) 555-1212."
linen tne employee sounos natura: ana is cneeryr
the CN/A orerator aoesn’t ask any Suestions. The
CN/A ist for tne Bell System 1s erinteo eitner in
this issue or the next, sorted by area coe, The
list 1s coryricnt 1982 py “Jucas Gerard’ ano
license to rerrint crantea exciusiveiy to TAF.
To close tnis tutoriair allow me to expiain the
name cnance. fy previous articies were Publisned
With the Fen name of PAUL MONTGOMERY.
I have been
informed tnat tne 1s an ex-rnrear in Califormia by
that name wno resents my Pen name.
Unapie to
convince HIM to cnance HIS reai name I cnancea my
Fen name. Hence forth I am JUDAS GERARD.
201
- (201) 676-7070
517 - (313) 223-8690
202 - (202) 384-9620
Sif
- (518) 471-8111
203 - (203) 789-6800
519 - (416) 487-3641
204 - Not Available
601
- (601) 961-0877
205 - (205) 988-7000
602 - (303) 232-2300
206 - (206) 382-8000
603 - (617) 787-2750
207
- Ene lia
604
- (604) 432-2976
208 -
(303) 232-2300
=
(402)
345-06
208 = (903) 792-2200
405 - (492) 345-0600
aio (is) ataoule
607
- (518) 471-8111
21
- (213) 501-4144
608 - (41a) 424-5690
214
- (214) 948-5731
609
- (201) 676-7070
215
- (412) 633-5600
612
- (402) 345-0600
216
- (614) 464-2345
615
- (416) 487-3641
217 - (217) 525-7000
614 - (614) 464-2345
Z1B - (402) 345-0600
615
- (615) 373-5791
219
- (317) 265-7027
616 - (313) 223-8690
30.
- (301) 534-1168
617
- (617) 787-2750
B02
- (412) 633-5600
618
~- (217) 525-7000
B03 - (303) 232-2300
701
- (402) 345-0600
304
- (304) 344-8041
Joz
- (415) 546-1341
305 - (9712) 784-9111
703
- (804) 747-1411
306
- Not Available
Joa
- (912) 784-9111
207 - (303) 232-2300
70S - (416) 487-3641
308
- (402) 345-0600
707
- (415) 546-1342
30? - (217) 525-7000
709
- Not Available
312
- (312) 769-9400
7iz
- (402) 345-0600
313 - (313) 223-8690
543 - (713) 698-1793
314
- (314) 436-3321
Jia
- (213) 995-0221
315
- (518) 471-8111
7iS
- (414) 424-5690
316
- (816) 275-278
716,
- (518) 471-8111
317.
- (317) 265-7027
717°
- (412) 633-5600
318
- (318) 227-1551
B01
- (303) 232-2300
B19
- (402) 345-0600
B02
- (617) 787-2750
401
= (617) 787-2750
g03 - (912) 784-9111"
402 - (402) 345-0600
804 - (B04) 747-1411
403
- (403) 425-2652
B0S
- (415) 546-1341
404 - (912) 784-9111
B06
- (512) 828-2501
405 - (405) 236-6121
807
- (416) 487-3641
406 - (303) 282-2300
B08 - (212) 226-5487
408 - (415) 54-1341
Bersuda Only
A1Z - (412) 633-5600
g09
- (212) 334-4986
aia - (617) 787-2750
Biz - (317) 265-7027
414 - (414) 424-5690
813 - (B13) 228-7871
ais
= (415) Sa6-21122
B14
- (412) 633-5600
416 - (416) 487-2641
815
- (217) 525-7000
a1?
- (314) 436-3921
16 - (816) 275-2782
- ($14) 861-6391
817
- (214) 948-5731
> (614) 464-2345
819
- (514) 861-6391
- (405) 236-6121
901
- (615) 373-S791
- ($02) 563-2861
902
(902) 421-4110
- (503) 241-9480
903 - Not Avariaple
= (504)
245-5330
goa - (912) 784-9111
- (303) 232-2300
906
(313) 223-8690
~ (306) 657-3855
907.
- Not Available
= toon, oe onan
giz
- (912) 7B4-9111
= (20
32-8000
5
as
Siz)
@ze-2
913
- (816) 275-2782
> (512) 828-2501
gia
- (518) 471-8111
= (614) 464-2345
915
- (512) 628-2501
> (514) 861-6391
916
- (415) 546-1341
- (402) 345-0600
918
- (405) 236-6121
- (818) 471-8111
M9 - (912) 784-9111
Phone-y tale isn’t to Burt’s credit
Sorry, folks, but Burt. Reynolds will not be paying for your
long-distance telephone calls. A tall tale that the movie star had invited
the public to make calls against his telephone credit card number began
‘circulating last summer.
In August, the rumor was responsiblegfor $110,000 worth of calls,
uccording to the tiny southern Illinois telephone company caught in the
middle. Most of the 14digit credit card numbers spread in the rumor
carry codings that bill nonexistent customers of the Wabash Telephone
Cooperative of Louisville, Til, a rural independent company serving
4800 subscribers in Louisville and surrounding towns.
‘Larry Coffin, an American Telephone and Telegraph Co. spokesman,
recently told the tale of the rumor:
“The story, which is false, is
that Reynolds recently won a $1 million
Judgment in a lawsuit. And since he is s0 rich and
such a good guy, he
‘wants to share the wealth with his friends and fans
“So, he supposedly said on the Johnny Carson show, or on the Rot
Barrett show or in The New York Times, that he's letting folks use
telephone credit card until Oct. 5.”
FIREARM DISCHARGE RESIDUES
By Doctor Atomic
Have you ever been around the scene where a fire-
arm has been discharged when the police show up?
The police take the people suspected of shooting the
gun and check their hands and clothing for traces
of firearm discharge residues; They use two main
procedures for collecting residues.
In the first method the hands are swabbed with
cotton pieces soaked in nitric acid solution, The
swabs are then subjected to neutron activation a-
nalysis at the lab, Other chemical analysis of
residues is directed toward discovering nitrite
and nitrate groups of unburned powder residues and
reaction products of the charge.
In the second method, the "Film-lift" method, an
adhesive tape is applied to the web regions of the
hands. (Common test.) Then the tape is sent to
the lab for investigation in a scanning electron
microscope. In this test they are looking for par~
ticles of metallic elements (especially Pb, Sb, and
Ba) from the detonated primer. These particles are
small, 20 to 30 micro meters, and they are not vis-
ible even at moderate magnification with a regular
nicroscope.
For this TAP article, I had an exclusive inter-
view with firearm expert Marvin Galapagos. He said
that he would not be caught by leaving residues on
jimself, First, after quickly leaving the scene,
he would dispose of the clothes that he wore when
he fired the gun. Note that the police are espe-
cially interested in shirt sleeves. Next, he would
shower and wash his hands well with soap and water.
Then, to get rid of the micro-particles that re-
main after the soap-and-water washing -- particles
that were blasted into his skin when he fired the
gun -- he would prepare a dilute solution of nitric
acid (5% or less) and dip his hands in it fora few
seconds. After this, he would rinse his hands in a
baking soda and water solution to neutralize any re~
maining acid solution.
The logic here is that if nitric acid solution
on swabs is used by the police to collect particles,
then it can also be used by the technologist to
clean his hands of these particles. However, if a
nitric acid solution were not availeble, he would
scrub his hands and change his shirt immediately.
Also, Marvin G. said that if he found himself in
a situation where there is no soap and water, and
where fast action is called for, he would pour gas-
oline on his hands. When gas evaporates, it leaves
lead and other residues behind that would confuse
lab tests. Then, when the lab tests turn up lots
of micro metal particles and the police question
him about it, he would tell them that he was work-
ing on the carburetor of his car. A very nice
alibi.
For a more detailed presentation, I refer the
reader to "Chemical Criminalistics" by A. Maehly
and L. Stromberg (1981), published by Springer-
Verlag, N.Y. Also covered in detail are the an-
alysis of drugs, explosives, fibers, and fire in-
vestigation. If your library doesn't have this
book, see if it is available on inter-library
loan.
Since our right to bear arms is being slowly
legislated away, this well known bumper sticker
slogan is an appropriate note to close on:
"If
guns are outlawed, only outlaws will have guns."
GAS FO’ ALL
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